LLM Optimization (LLMO) Platform for AI Visibility & Share of Model
LLM Optimization (LLMO) is the practice of improving how often, how accurately, and how favorably your company appears in answers generated by AI models such as ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, and Perplexity. Share of Model is how you measure it.
Updated: August 2026
- 8,644
- Buyer questions observed
- 24,965
- Cited sources captured
- 993
- Distinct domains cited
- 4
- Models sampled
What is LLM optimization (LLMO)?
LLM Optimization (LLMO) is the practice of improving how often, how accurately, and how favorably your company appears in answers generated by AI models such as ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, and Perplexity.
It has three distinct objectives, and confusing them is the most common reason LLMO programs stall:
- Frequency — does the model name you at all when a buyer asks a question your product answers? A brand that appears in 8% of evaluation answers has a frequency problem, not a messaging problem.
- Accuracy — when the model does name you, is the description correct? Wrong category, stale pricing, a discontinued product, or a competitor's feature attributed to you are all LLMO defects.
- Favorability — is the mention a recommendation, a caveat, or a footnote? "X is an option, though most teams choose Y" counts as a mention and loses the deal.
In practice, LLMO work is source work. Models generate answers from what other people have written about you — analyst notes, editorial coverage, review platforms, community threads, documentation — plus whatever the model already learned during training. Publishing another page on your own site is the weakest lever available; in our observed set, vendor-owned pages account for well under 1% of the sources models cite.
How LLMO differs from SEO
SEO and LLMO share tactics but not objectives. SEO wins a position in a list of links a person then chooses from. LLMO wins inclusion in a recommendation the model has already made on the buyer's behalf.
| Dimension | SEO | LLMO |
|---|---|---|
| Objective | Rank in search results | Influence AI answers |
| Unit of intent | Keywords | Buyer questions |
| Surface | SERPs | Model responses |
| Authority signal | Backlinks | Trusted third-party sources |
| Core metric | Rankings | Share of Model |
| Outcome | Organic traffic | AI recommendations |
| Feedback loop | Crawl and re-index, days | Retrieval days; training months |
| Failure mode | Position 11 | Absent from the answer entirely |
The practical consequence: you can hold the top organic result for a query and still be missing from the AI answer to the same question, because the model summarized three review-site comparisons and an analyst post instead of your page.
How to measure Share of Model
A defensible measurement has five parts. Skip any one and the number drifts.
- Fix the prompt set. Real buyer questions in buyer language, tagged by stage — not keywords with a question mark appended. 30–60 prompts is enough for most B2B categories.
- Fix the model set. Sample the same models every cycle. Different models return materially different brand sets for the same question, so a change in coverage looks exactly like a change in performance.
- Sample repeatedly. Model output is stochastic. Single-run checks are noise: across our scans, mention rates for the same brand vary by tens of points between runs of the same prompt. Run each prompt several times and average.
- Classify each answer. Named or not; if named, recommended, compared, or caveated; and which sources the model cited. Frequency without favorability is half a metric.
- Hold the window constant. Compare week to week with the same prompt set, or your trend line is measuring your own changes to the instrument.
| Buyer stage | Questions | Cited sources | Share of observed answers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluation | 4,087 | 10,986 | 44.0% |
| Discovery | 2,521 | 7,541 | 30.2% |
| Decision | 2,034 | 6,421 | 25.7% |
| Retention | 2 | 17 | 0.1% |
Distribution of observed AI citations across buyer stages in Monroya's own scan data. Evaluation-stage questions generate the largest share of cited sources — which is also where most B2B brands are weakest.
How AI models decide which companies to recommend
Models do not have an opinion about your company. They reproduce the consensus of the text they can read, weighted toward sources that look independent and repeated. Four patterns show up consistently in the answers we capture:
- Third-party sources dominate. Analyst content, editorial coverage, and review platforms carry the majority of citations. Vendor-owned pages are cited rarely, and usually only for pricing or documentation specifics.
- Consistency beats volume. A brand described with the same category language across many independent sources is easier for a model to place than one with more coverage but conflicting descriptions.
- Comparison formats get lifted. Content that already compares options — tables, "X vs Y", ranked shortlists — is disproportionately reused, because it matches the shape of the answer the model needs to produce.
- Community text is a tiebreaker. Forum and discussion threads act as evidence of real usage, and they surface most often in decision-stage answers where a model is hedging between two credible options.
| Source type | Citations | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Analyst / research | 6,430 | 25.8% |
| Editorial & press | 5,981 | 24.0% |
| Review sites | 5,772 | 23.1% |
| Social | 3,838 | 15.4% |
| Community (Reddit, forums) | 797 | 3.2% |
| Video | 793 | 3.2% |
| Unclassified | 755 | 3.0% |
| Reference (Wikipedia, Wikidata) | 243 | 1.0% |
Source-type mix across all captured citations. Read it as a budget: this is where the answer actually comes from.
Most-cited domains
- 01medium.com5,454
- 02gartner.com4,113
- 03linkedin.com3,646
- 04g2.com3,036
- 05forrester.com2,200
- 06capterra.com1,474
- 07youtube.com793
- 08trustpilot.com749
- 09reddit.com730
- 10clutch.co459
LLM optimization across the buyer journey
Buyers do not ask one question. They ask a sequence, and the model answers each one from a different pool of sources. Optimizing for the first question and ignoring the rest is the most expensive mistake in LLMO, because the later questions are the ones attached to budget.
Discovery
"What tools help B2B teams track AI visibility?"
The model builds a category list. You are either in it or you never enter the deal. Won by category-defining coverage in independent sources.
Evaluation
"How does X compare to Y for mid-market teams?"
The model builds a comparison. Won by third-party comparison content, review depth, and consistent, checkable claims.
Decision
"Is X worth it, and what do users complain about?"
The model weighs risk. Won by community evidence, current pricing clarity, and the absence of unaddressed criticism.
Discovery
- Analyst / research40.4%
- Social21.6%
- Editorial & press15.8%
- Review sites12.0%
- Community (Reddit, forums)2.9%
Evaluation
- Editorial & press34.0%
- Analyst / research19.4%
- Review sites19.0%
- Social13.6%
- Unclassified4.3%
Decision
- Review sites43.1%
- Analyst / research19.6%
- Editorial & press16.4%
- Social10.9%
- Community (Reddit, forums)5.1%
Top source types cited at each stage, from Monroya's observation set. The mix shifts as the buyer moves — which is why one content plan cannot serve all three.
A retention layer sits after the sale: churn-risk questions ("alternatives to X", "how to migrate off X") are answered by models too, and they are usually unmonitored.
LLMO vs GEO vs AEO vs AI SEO
| Term | What it targets | Wins when | Primary lever |
|---|---|---|---|
| LLMO | How models represent your brand, retrieved or remembered | The model names and describes you correctly | Independent sources and entity consistency |
| GEO | Live retrieval into a generated answer | Your page is pulled in and cited | Citable, comparison-shaped content |
| AEO | Direct-answer extraction | An engine lifts a clean answer from your page | Structure, schema, question-shaped headings |
| AI SEO | Umbrella term, loosely defined | Usually means GEO plus SEO hygiene | Varies by who is using the phrase |
They are layers, not rivals. AEO makes a page extractable, GEO gets it retrieved, LLMO decides whether the model would name you even if nothing were retrieved at all.
How to improve your Share of Model
- Identify recommendation gaps. Find the questions where competitors are named and you are not. Rank them by stage and deal proximity, not by volume.
- Identify competitor advantages. For each gap, read why the competitor is there — which source the model cited, and what claim it supported.
- Find influential sources. Build the list of domains the models actually cite in your category. That list, not your content calendar, is the target.
- Fix narrative gaps. Correct wrong category placement, stale specs, and missing differentiators wherever the model is reading them — review profiles, directories, reference entries, your own docs.
- Build supporting content. Comparison-shaped, evidence-backed material that an independent source can cite, and that a model can lift without hedging.
- Monitor changes. Re-run the same prompt set on a fixed cadence and attribute movement to the work. Without a stable baseline you cannot tell a win from run-to-run variance.
How Monroya measures LLMO
Monroya runs your buyer questions against ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, and Perplexity on a schedule, samples each prompt multiple times, and records what the models said and which sources they cited. Every answer is classified by buyer stage, source type, and sentiment, so Share of Model can be read by stage and by competitor rather than as one blended number.
- Share of Model by stage, model, and competitor, tracked over time.
- Per-prompt answer history, so you can see exactly when an answer changed and which source changed with it.
- Cited-source analysis: which domains decide your category, and which of them never mention you.
- Prioritized recommendations tied to the specific gap and source that produced them.
LLM optimization and Share of Model: common questions
- What is LLM optimization (LLMO)?
- LLM optimization (LLMO) is the practice of improving how often, how accurately, and how favorably your company appears in answers generated by AI models such as ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, and Perplexity. It covers the sources those models read, the way your category and positioning are described across the open web, and the questions buyers actually ask.
- What is Share of Model?
- Share of Model measures how frequently your brand is recommended, mentioned, or positioned by AI models across the questions your buyers ask. It is calculated as the number of answers naming your brand divided by the total answers sampled for a defined prompt set, model set, and time window.
- How is Share of Model calculated?
- Share of Model = (answers that name your brand ÷ total answers sampled) × 100, held constant across a fixed prompt set, a fixed set of models, and a fixed time window. Because model output varies run to run, each prompt should be sampled multiple times and averaged rather than checked once.
- How is LLM optimization different from SEO?
- SEO competes for a ranked position in a list of links; LLMO competes for inclusion in a synthesized recommendation. SEO targets keywords, SERPs, backlinks, and organic traffic. LLMO targets buyer questions, model responses, trusted third-party sources, and Share of Model. A page can rank first and still be absent from the answer.
- What is the difference between LLMO, GEO, AEO, and AI SEO?
- GEO (generative engine optimization) targets live retrieval — getting your page pulled into and cited by a generated answer. AEO (answer engine optimization) targets structure, so an engine can lift a clean direct answer. LLMO is the broader discipline covering both retrieval and the model's baked-in knowledge of your brand. 'AI SEO' is a loose umbrella term, usually meaning GEO plus conventional SEO hygiene.
- How do AI models decide which companies to recommend?
- In observed answers, models lean heavily on third-party sources — analyst and research content, editorial coverage, review platforms, and community discussion — rather than vendor-owned pages. Consistency matters as much as volume: a brand described the same way across many independent sources is far more likely to be named than one described inconsistently.
- How long does it take to change Share of Model?
- Retrieval-driven change (new or updated sources a model can read live) can appear within days to a few weeks. Change in the model's own trained knowledge lands on model refresh cycles, which run in months. Measure weekly, judge trend over a quarter, and never draw a conclusion from a single run.
- Can Share of Model be tracked by buyer stage?
- Yes, and it should be. Discovery, evaluation, decision, and retention questions return different answers and cite different sources. Aggregate visibility hides the pattern most B2B teams need: strong presence in category-definition questions and near-absence in the comparison and decision questions where deals are actually shaped.
Related reading
- What is LLM optimization?— The plain definition, with examples of what it looks like in practice
- What is Share of Model?— The measurement: definition, formula, and a worked example
- LLM optimization vs SEO— Rankings vs recommendations — where the two disciplines diverge
- LLMO vs GEO— Parametric knowledge vs live retrieval, and why you need both
- How to improve Share of Model— Six steps, in order, from gap to measured change
- AI visibility vs LLMO— One is the metric, the other is the work
- LLM optimization tools— The category landscape and what each kind of tool actually measures